Abstract
Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem associated with a greater risk of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Although primary preventions of obesity should focus on energy balance, the intake of some foods can also affect the development of childhood obesity. Dairy product (DP) consumption has been shown to have neutral or beneficial effects on body weight and body fat in children and adolescents. However, evidence of the effects of DP consumption during childhood comes mostly from observational studies, whereas longitudinal analysis for evaluating their effects on body weight and fatness in children remains insufficient. As such, randomized clinical trials are necessary to reveal how treatments for obesity can integrate the consumption of DP. Although calcium often appears as a principal bioactive component in explanations of how DP intake influences fatness, given its effects on fat absorption and adipocyte lipid metabolism, other constituents such as proteins and their peptide derivatives might also affect body fat by regulating appetite and food intake.
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