Abstract
This chapter presents the basic elements of conceptual modeling with the UML class diagram. There is a detailed discussion of the three main elements of a conceptual model: concepts, attributes, and associations. It covers best practices on how to use those elements so that models are kept clear and maintainable. The chapter also gradually presents OCL (Object Constraint Language), especially in order to define derived attributes and derived associations, as well as class invariants, which improve significantly the quality of a conceptual model. Finally, the chapter discusses the organization of the conceptual model; inheritance is not the only structure than can be used: it is best suited for representing concepts that are structurally related, but associative roles and modal classes should also be used to represent different kinds of organization that are not adequately described by inheritance. The chapter also shows how to discover and refine conceptual elements in detailed use cases and system sequence diagrams, therefore making the connection between those analysis artifacts.
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