Abstract
In this chapter we introduce biomaterials science to a nonexpert reader in order to provide new perspectives for the development of in vitro three-dimensional models that are relevant in lung research. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive description of key concepts in the fields of biomaterials science and lung research to explain how merging them can give rise to new models of lung biology and disease that prevent overuse of animal models while making it possible to do tests in human lung cells and tissue. Along with the different examples of lung models reviewed here, we answer questions that can help a researcher in the lung field to understand the studies: what biomaterial, why this biomaterial, and how it has been used. Moreover, we discuss important findings and breakthroughs that have been made in the lung field with the use of biomaterials, and we comment on the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches.
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