Abstract
In this chapter, systems for the production and utilization of biogas from organic substrates are presented. After a short description of the main product biogas, substrates suitable for anaerobic digestion are characterized and classified into four main groups: Agricultural residues, energy crops, residues from food production, and organic wastes. Subsequently, the main possibilities for biogas use are introduced, and advantages, disadvantages, and upgrading demands are discussed. Another focus is set on the production of fertilizers from the residual digestate. The evaluation of existing digestate treatments still shows a huge optimization potential to increase the profitability of the nutrient recovery. Finally, mass and energy balances and greenhouse gas emissions of selected biogas production systems are introduced and compared to those of traditional production systems.
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