Abstract
This chapter describes how to plan, prepare for, develop, and carry out basic medical research projects, which aim to enhance the understanding of fundamental, normal, and pathological processes at the organismic, organ, cellular, or molecular levels. The various steps that lead to the identification of important research questions, clearly stated research problems, and hypotheses, as well as specific advice on choosing a research problem, will be provided. This will be followed by a description of the experimental strategies and methods currently available at the organismic and cellular levels, and their strengths and limitations. Some of the experimental strategies made possible by technical advances in genetics and molecular biology will be described for studies using mice, but information will also be provided for other commonly used experimental animals. Ethical and legal issues related to research on experimental animals will be discussed. The discussion of experimental strategies at the cellular level will reflect the importance of cell and tissue culture as both an alternative and complement to research on experimental animals. It will include a brief history of cell culture and a review of more recent technical advances. Summaries, key points of advice, and some useful data and technical examples are highlighted in boxes.
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