Chapter 6 - Applications of blockchain in smart cities: detecting fake documents from land records using blockchain technology

Abstract

In recent years, building a smart city happens with the collaboration of public and private enterprises, which provides efficient management and better services to the real world. Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, smart payment, transportation management, and high internet bandwidth helps to provide smart city infrastructure. To build smart cities, security, integrity, and flexibility are still some of the challenges in many countries. Several researchers are working to provide a better solution to the aforementioned challenges, and in addition, several steps have been adopted, developing different methods and algorithms for better comfort. Blockchain technology can be used for building of smart cities because of its high security and simplicity of working design. Blockchain is emerging as a solution in the real world because it eases the need for jobs and rectifies more complex issues. Today, many companies are involved in this blockchain research to build high security. The main aim of designing a blockchain cryptographic system is to provide security and transparency to every individual. In past years, many land registration has been done with forged documents with the support of brokers and a complete loss of record-keeping, where tracking is nearly impossible. One of the major challenges facing India is illegal land possession, where illegal land occupants generate fake documents to occupy land. Due to this, legal owners are suffering. Land registration can be done in using digitization, which consumes less time, but still many problems are associated in terms of tenuous land titles. In this chapter, we are trying to detect fake documents related to land registry and other revenue departments by using blockchain technology. Blockchain helps trace the property changes in different hands. For detecting the fake documents, first we analyze the details of property. It is very essential to know which documents are needed to consider. Here, three parties are taken into consideration: buyers, sellers, and land inspector. For implementation, we are using the Hyperledger fabric blockchain platform to develop the project. Finally, the main objective of this paper is to detect the fake documents, which are related to the land registry and maintain only the legal documents in land records and record all original documents for future use.