Abstract
Coffee is the most frequently consumed beverage worldwide and possesses numerous polyphenols, which are well-known antioxidants. According to epidemiological studies, a daily intake of caffeine-containing coffee reduces the incidence of skin cancers, such as nonmelanoma skin cancer, and wrinkle formation. Oral administration or topical application of caffeine, one of the major constituents of coffee, also reduces skin cancer occurrence and tumor growth in mice exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation; the mechanism involves the inhibition of the UV-irradiation-induced phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 1 (ChK1) on Ser345 and the expression of cyclin B1 in the dermis. Green Coffea arabica seed oil stimulated extracellular matrix synthesis, growth factors releasing and water channel expression in the skin. Coffea arabica leaves extract exhibited antioxidant and antiphotoaging activities because they inhibited UV-irradiation-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, thereby restoring type I collagen in skin fibroblasts. Caffeine enhanced apoptosis, increased p53 in keratinocytes, and inhibited UVB-irradiation-induced DNA damage. Coffee and its constituents are potential photoprotective agents for reducing photoaging and skin cancer.
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