Chapter 57 - Advances in ethics for the neuroscience agenda

Abstract

Critical thinking about ethics in neuroscience can be a powerful force in enabling research and translating results meaningfully for society. In this chapter, we strive to give those new to neuroscience investigation, as well as more experienced investigators, an introduction to the field of neuroethics such that they may begin to incorporate it into their future work from its very inception. We begin with an overview of the regulatory and oversight mechanisms currently in place that guide the ethical conduct of neuroscience research, followed by an introduction to four of the most salient neuroethics topics relevant to neuroscience research—research with animals, data sharing, incidental findings, and neuroscience communication. First, we discuss how upfront consideration of the societal implications of advances in neuroscience can shape the use of animal models. We situate ethical thinking in this era of big science and big data, reflecting on strategies for sharing databases while protecting contributors and users. Next, we highlight how collaboration among neuroscientists, ethicists, and others can produce positive measures to resolve the problem of incidental discoveries in brain imaging research, as one example of debates on incidental findings more broadly. Third, we discuss the importance of effective and responsible communication of neuroscience research and information. Finally, the mandate of neuroscience research as public service and ethical imperative is addressed by describing opportunities for neuroscientists to engage with societal issues emerging from their research and how this deepens the discourse and adds value to the research enterprise.