Abstract
The brain is the key organ of stress because it determines what is threatening and therefore stressful and also determines the physiological and behavioral responses. It is not only dramatic life events but also many daily life experiences that elevate and sustain activities of physiological systems and cause sleep deprivation and altered health-related behaviors as a result of being “stressed out” Over time, this toxic stress results in wear and tear on the body (allostatic load and overload), which reflects the impact of life experiences, genetic constitution, individual health behaviors, and developmental experiences that set lifelong patterns. Under stress, brain regions such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex undergo structural remodeling, which alters behavioral and physiological responses. Along with approaches to ameliorate chronic stress and reduce allostatic overload, there are new possibilities for engaging brain plasticity and using targeted behavioral interventions to improve brain and body health.
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