Abstract

Non-neoplastic mass lesions of the central nervous system can clinically and radiographically mimic malignancies. Etiologies are diverse and may include developmental, inflammatory, infectious, vascular and treatment-related disorders. Accurate diagnosis utilising a variety of imaging modalities is required to guide patient management. Choice of the most sensitive and specific imaging modality is crucial in facilitating diagnosis. Failing to identify non-neoplastic lesions may result in unnecessary treatment, whereas anti-tumour treatment might be delayed when a neoplastic lesion is overlooked or misinterpreted. Advanced imaging may spare the need for invasive diagnostic procedures, but may also aid to accurately predict prognosis and appropriately plan neurosurgical interventions. In this chapter, we provide an overview of non-neoplastic mass lesions and their neuroimaging characteristics.

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