Abstract
This chapter describes the combined action of imperfection in intrinsic and in geometric parameters, leading to an interaction between them. The main problem that arises with coupling of imperfections is that one imperfection can try to induce high stresses in a given direction to equilibrate the external loads, while the other imperfection can reduce the stiffness in that direction. In specific, the thin-walled structure has a preference to redistribute stresses because of one imperfection, but it finds that the other imperfection has weakened the much needed resistance capacity. Combination of imperfections is very common in practical structures with structural deterioration. It is significant to understand the conditions under which geometrical and intrinsic imperfections combine their effects in a way so as to undermine the safety of the structure. The usual approach is to uncouple the imperfections and super-impose the results. The chapter also describes direct models of combined imperfections, their problems, and achievements.
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