Abstract
Metamaterials are composite and artificial materials with extraordinary effective properties that existing bulk materials do not exhibit. Acoustic metamaterials and phononic crystals are periodic composite structures that alter the band diagram of conventional structural systems. They provide unique properties of blocking certain frequency bands known as bandgaps and changing the dispersive properties (slowing or increasing the velocity) of elastic waves. In this chapter, the applications of these unusual properties to enhance the sensing and the detection capability of nondestructive evaluation methods that future infrastructure systems such as bridges, pipelines, and buildings can adapt in the design of smart cities with permanently installed sensors and automated decision-making algorithms for their structural health are presented.
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