Abstract
This chapter provides an overview on refrigerants. A primary refrigerant is one which is used in a recirculating cycle and is accompanied by changes in state. A secondary refrigerant is one which is used as a heat transfer medium without a change of state but with a change in temperature. These are divided into four groups: (1) the classic refrigerants, (2) halocarbons, (3) hydrocarbons, and (4) azeotropes. The chapter also presents the general characteristics of various conventional refrigerants. The group of halogen compounds is divided into two, the first based on methane and the second on ethane. The properties of the compounds are controlled by the replacement of the hydrogen atoms with chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or a combination of all three. An advantage of an azeotrope over an ordinary mixture is that there is no trouble with fractionation if there is a leak. There are two types of homoazeotropes. One has a pressure lower and a boiling point higher than either pure constituent; the other has a pressure higher and a boiling point lower than either constituent. One is called a minimum pressure or maximum temperature azeotrope; the other is the maximum pressure or minimum temperature type.
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