Abstract
Over the years, Raman amplification in fibers has been a topic of great interest. The large pump powers and long lengths requirement made Raman amplifiers seem impractical. However, the advent of Erbium–Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) appeared to drive a stake into Raman amplifiers. One of the very important features of Raman amplifiers is their capability for providing gain at any signal wavelength, as opposed to optical amplifiers based on rare-earth ions. This feature makes Raman amplifier particularly attractive for future lightwave systems, where there is a strong desire for continually increasing the number of signal wavelengths by extending the bandwidth of transmission in dense wavelength division multiplexed systems. In addition, the wavelength window over which amplification is achievable is expandable simply by combining multiple pump wavelengths. This chapter describes the basics of Raman scattering in optical fibers, relevant parameters, benefits, key components, and its applications in communication systems. The advances in distributed and lumped Raman amplifiers with emphasis on noise performance and recent system experiments have also been reviewed in the chapter.
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