Abstract
Biodegradation analysis of polyurethanes is a highly complex and varied process that involves a multifaceted approach to validate findings. A variety of industry-accepted analytical methods are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis, keeping in mind their advantages and limitations. Analysis starts from simple visual assessments and mass loss, then proceeds to more complex methods such as isotope labeling, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate total biodegradation of a sample over time while concurrent chemical analysis is performed. Polyurethane precursors are evaluated using potentiometric titration methods and spectroscopic methods to study their composition effects. Potentiometric analysis such as hydroxyl and acid number analysis, Karl Fischer water content analysis, and a variety of spectroscopic methods give insight into how different polyurethane compositions behave over time. Some commonly used spectroscopic methods are gas chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography.
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