Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to serve as an educational review regarding Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in Nuclear Medicine imaging complementary to reviews in specific scientific journals. It presents the principles of MC simulations for modeling particle transport. The major fields of applications of MC simulations in Nuclear Medicine imaging are discussed. To better illustrate the principles of a Monte Carlo simulator in Nuclear Medicine imaging, a recent but widely used simulation tool, GATE, is taken as an example. Finally, three case studies are presented as current applications representative of the use of MC simulations in Nuclear Medicine imaging. MC simulations in emission tomography were mostly used by research labs to assess reconstruction and correction techniques, and to study specific aspects of the imaging system response. It is expected that MC simulations will eventually find their way to the clinics, as contributing to the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission technology (PET) imaging process, and as provider of extremely realistic and still perfectly controlled datasets for evaluation purpose. The role of MC simulations for optimizing detector design will also increase, as simulations are becoming more and more flexible and accurate, allowing for detailed investigation of a broad range of detector configurations. Overall, MC simulations will become an indispensable tool for all involved in emission tomography.
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