Abstract
Plants have to continuously face several challenges while dealing with numerous stresses including both abiotic and biotic stresses throughout their life cycle. Abiotic stresses in the form of salinity, high temperature, chilling temperature, drought, heavy metal stress, hormonal imbalance, etc. individually or in any combination suppress plant growth, development, and also limit or inhibit many physiological processes within plants leading to reduced plant productivity. The recent global climate changing scenario has been triggering the effects of these stresses on crops by altering the ambience of crops. The harmful impacts of several biotic stresses on plants via herbivores and pathogen attack cannot be denied too. Survival of plants is highly dependent on the ability to implement their inherent adaptive mechanisms to deal with these adverse conditions. Along with that, plants also recruit several beneficial microorganisms to alleviate the negative impacts due to abiotic and biotic stress factors and to strengthen plant processes. Involvement of various microbial populations in ameliorating different stresses in plants through the activation of several mechanisms such as promotion of antioxidant enzymatic activities, induction of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD) activity, improving physiobiochemical traits, production of secondary metabolites, expression of multiple stress-related genes, and their entire regulation from signal perception to transduction etc. has been reported in many studies. These microbiomes, which include bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhiza; are devoted to continuously cooperating with plants, thus enabling them to maintain the ambience suitable for proper growth and stance, and thus achieve better productivity. Aiming to give an insight into the plants’ expressive tolerance mechanisms in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses and the potential regulatory actions of microorganisms to ameliorate their negative impacts on plants, this chapter is focused on discussing advanced knowledge of beneficial plant microbiomes and their applications in plant growth promotion even in adverse conditions and sustainable approaches to meet estimated crop productivity combating various biotic and abiotic stress.
Published Version
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