Chapter 5 - Industry 4.0: survey of digital twin in smart manufacturing and smart cities

Abstract

Complexities associated with real-time objects make simulation of real-time behavior complex without direct real-time data intervention. Knowledge gained from the past behaviors helped design the current simulations; however, made it difficult for decision-makers to predict the future scenarios using real-time data. Industry 4.0 introduced intelligence to machines, connecting machines, making decisions by real-time data-driven simulations, and digital twins. Virtualization and simulations are better than that inferred by the description of the state. Manufacturing, a complex procedure, proposes optimization problems in various domains. Smart manufacturing predominantly uses robotics and artificial intelligence to provide solutions to many problems in manufacturing. Smart cities with high degree of cohesion using Internet of Things devices, made the real-time data collection easier. In this chapter, we present a detailed survey of digital twin, its base technologies, concept of smart cities and smart manufacturing, use cases of digital twin technology in additive manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding industry, advancements so far made in the research field for implementing digital twin technologies in smart cities and smart manufacturing, and plotting the specific significance of integration of blockchain technology with digital twins for smart manufacturing.