Abstract
The CO2 injection is the widely used enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method because of economics and recovery efficiency. Although miscible/immiscible CO2 injections mainly enhance the displacement efficiency employing a number of advantages, the CO2 injection has an inherent unfavorable mobility ratio because of low-viscous CO2 gas. To support the EOR potential of CO2 injection, auxiliary water injection is developed to cooperate in CO2 injection. The coapplication of water and CO2 injections enhances displacement efficiency as well as sweep efficiency improving the mobility ratio. Recently, the use of low-salinity water rather than conventional high-salinity water in coinjections of water and CO2 is proposed as low salinity–augmented CO2 EOR (LS-CO2 EOR). This chapter reviews the studies of CO2 EOR, mainly CO2 water-alternating gas and carbonated water injection, to investigate the effect of salinity on the mechanisms of CO2 EOR process. Laboratory and numerical simulation studies of LS-CO2 EOR are discussed to evaluate whether the additional displacement efficiency employing the mechanism of low-salinity waterflood or other effects can be introduced.
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