Abstract
Green synthesis emphasizes following a reliable and eco-friendly pathway with mild reactions, utilizing nontoxic precursors, and producing a lower amount of wastes to ensure a sustainable environment. As a result of this green chemistry, the design and synthesis of novel products that are safe, reusable, and biodegradable are now taking place. The green methods for synthesis of nanoparticles (NP) include the use of natural extracts and biological components from plant parts (leaves, root, flower, and fruit), and biometabolites from organisms like bacteria, algae, fungus, etc. This chapter explores the fundamental process mechanisms involved during the synthesis of some metal and metal oxide NPs, namely, gold, silver, copper, iron, zinc, cobalt, etc. It also focuses on NPs produced by green processes as functional materials with extraordinary properties that have a wide range of applications in various fields such as catalysis, medicine, food, agriculture, textile, environment, energy, and electronics.
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