Abstract
Publisher Summary Important electrical characteristics of an electrode/tissue system are determined by the geometrical configuration. There is a clear distinction between source electrode systems (current- injecting, current-carrying, stimulating, and driving) and recording (signal pick-up, receiving, registering, and lead) electrode systems. The same electrode pair may serve as both (one-port and two-terminal network), or there may be separate 3- or 4-electrode systems (two-port, three-, or four-terminal network). For the one-port system, driving point immittance is the only possible parameter; and for the two port systems, transfer parameters are also possible. A two-port system also measures transmittance—for example, current is injected in one port, and voltage is recorded at the other port. A dipolar current-injecting electrode pair has two electrodes that are similar, and each electrode contributes in the same way (current dipole). A monopolar current-injecting electrode system has one electrode as the active (working) electrode and other as the indifferent (silent, passive, dispersive, or neutral) electrode. The chapter discusses the model geometry of monopole and dipole current sources and examines the three- and four-electrode systems with reference to surface electrodes or in vitro measuring set-ups.
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