Abstract
The equipment used for conducting sonochemical reactions is presented. The transducers that generate ultrasound, and the electrical driving methods applied to transducers are explained, and the sonochemical reactors that attached to such transducers are described. Some of the methods used for estimating a sound field generated by ultrasound are outlined, and the method of calorimetry used for estimating ultrasonic power is explained along with some examples. Methods for quantifying the chemical action by ultrasound are presented, and the simple KI method is detailed and how to calculate sonochemical efficiency explained. The method and examples for visualization of a chemical reaction field by ultrasound that uses luminol luminescence are described. The reproducibility of sonochemical experiments is affected by various factors and these are discussed. The decrease of reproducibility from the effect of liquid height on a reactor is described in detail.
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