Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms and regulators such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNAs play key roles in the regulation of plant immediate response to diverse abiotic stresses, including salinity, water deficit, water logging, extreme temperature, ultraviolet radiation, nutrient deficiency, and heavy metal stress. After the stress is perceived, the establishment of plant stress memory to efficiently counter the subsequent stress also requires changes at epigenetic levels. In addition, increasing evidence revealed that epigenetic mechanisms could greatly broaden plant phenotype diversity under abiotic stresses and are suitable for the improvement of important crops including wheat species. In this chapter, epigenetic changes and their consequences in the regulation of plant response to abiotic stresses are summarized, and potentials, challenges, and strategies in the application of epigenetic variations to mitigating abiotic stress in wheat crops are discussed.
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