Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is possibly the biggest health care–associated crisis being faced by human civilization, and environment is considered as the potential breeding and battle ground for the transmission and emergence of drug-resistant pathogens. Given the enormity and complexity of drug resistance phenomenon incessantly occurring in the microbial community, it becomes often difficult to imagine how ecological and evolutionary environmental factors act as potential driver for development, mobilization, transfer and dissemination of resistance gene(s) in the environment. Environment is the penultimate receiver and reservoir of every possible effluent and waste discharges from multiple outlets, and eventually, it turns out to be the storehouse of both bugs and drugs – a favourable coexistence for bad bugs to grow. In this chapter, we have addressed the drivers and pathways of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in environment, the role of environmental regulators in development and spread of AMR in environmental setting. In addition, we have tried to highlight the key strategies for control and containment of AMR in environment.
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