Chapter 5 - Cell-penetrating peptides

Abstract

Selective permeability of cell membranes often restricts the exchange of molecules between the extra and intracellular domains. Such a barrier coupled with poor lipophilic properties of therapeutic molecules hinders their transport to the diseased cells. Peptides with the ability to penetrate plasma membranes have been demonstrated to successfully deliver nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecule entities inside the cell. The delivery of therapeutic molecules increases the bioavailability inside the cell; however, it provides no protection from the damage caused by side effects of therapeutics owing to their unspecific delivery to multiple sites. In this chapter, we describe the peptides with membrane transduction properties, their mechanisms of action, specificity to diseased models, therapeutic applications, and the challenges for lab to clinical application.