Abstract
This chapter describes how risk-assessment is used in hazardous waste site remediation. It illustrates the complexity and importance of risk assessment and management in hazardous waste engineering by using an example that includes both organic and inorganic wastes. The example provides a situation where an engineer must calculate the baseline and target contaminant release concentrations in the process of remediating an abandoned waste site. A site map of an abandoned HCH pesticide manufacturing waste site, showing monitoring transect and location of waste piles and storage tank is also presented. Information and data gaps regarding science, engineering, and technology must be identified upfront and must be incorporated into the remediation plan. The chapter calculates the cancer risk from the lipophilic hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) from four exposure pathways: air particles, air vapors, drinking water, and dermal. The chapter also describes protective measures to prevent inhalation risk.
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