Abstract
Sacral plexus is formed by the lumbosacral trunk (part of the fourth and all the fifth lumbar ventral ramus), the first to third sacral ventral rami and part of the fourth sacral ventral ramus. It forms the sciatic nerve, nerve to the quadratus femoris, nerve to the obturator internus, nerve to the piriformis, superior gluteal nerve, inferior gluteal nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, perforating cutaneous nerve, and pudendal nerve. Sacral plexus nerve injuries are common, occurring directly by trauma (as a complication of pelvic and orthopedic surgeries and nerve blocks or accidental) or indirectly by ischemia secondary to stretch or poor perfusion. Injury to these nerves causes distress and disability and may lead to permanent motor and/or sensory loss. This chapter studies the anatomy of the nerves of the sacral plexus in detail and will highlight the context, mechanism, frequency and outcome following injury. Awareness of this anatomy, particularly in the context of injury may reduce the frequency of sacral plexus nerve injuries.
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