Abstract
The objective of this research is to study and compare the effects of water injection (WI) into intake air on the heat release rate (HRR), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions of a direct injection (DI) automotive diesel engine. Experiments have been carried out for different water ratios (WRs) under different loads, at 3500 and 4000rpms. Water was injected into intake air by using a carburetor. The main jet section of this carburetor can be varied by using an adjustable screw for obtaining desired WRs. Selected WRs are approximately 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10 %, by vol. The test results showed that WI at specified ratios into intake air decreases significantly NOx emissions at 3500 and 4000rpms. Water addition decreases significantly opacity at 3500rpm. Whereas at 4000rpm, opacity values are nearly equal to neat diesel fuel (NDF) values up to 6% WRs but after this ratio they increase very importantly. At 3500rpm, for selected loads and WRs, the peak HRR values are higher than that of NDF. As a result, BSFC decreases for selected loads and WRs at 3500rpm. At 4000rpm, for 110 Nm load, the peak HRR values generally exhibit a declining trend. However, for 85 Nm load, the peak HRR values are slightly higher than that of NDF. At this engine speed, BSFC increases at 115 Nm for lower WRs. But BSFC decreases at the other selected loads.
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