Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic transmural inflammatory process that may affect any part of the GI tract. Extraintestinal manifestations are common. The disease is characterized by discontinuous lesions (skip lesions), with intervening areas of normal bowel. A varying time length of remission interspersed with acute exacerbations is also characteristic. It is an incurable disorder. The gut is normally in a state of tolerance of microbial, dietary, and other antigens. Defects in gut immune regulation, coupled with increased mucosal permeability secondary to leaky paracellular pathways, result in problematic antigen recognition and processing by dendritic cells. Eventually, this leads to a continuous inflammatory state and local/systemic Crohn’s disease lesions. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, perianal signs and symptoms, as well as systemic and extraintestinal manifestations, are the principal clinical findings in CD.
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