Abstract
Chronic interstitial nephritis is part of the spectrum of primary interstitial kidney diseases that are associated with interstitial inflammation and accompanying tubular damage. Interstitial nephritis has been classified morphologically and clinically into acute and chronic forms. Acute interstitial nephritis is characterized by a rapid deterioration in kidney function with interstitial inflammation and edema, and varying degrees of tubular cell injury. In contrast, chronic interstitial nephritis is more slowly progressive and is characterized by interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. There are many causes of chronic interstitial nephritis including systemic diseases, autoimmune processes, metabolic disorders, infiltrative diseases, chronic infections, medications, toxin/heavy metal exposure, genetic diseases, and progression from acute to chronic interstitial nephritis. In addition, obstruction/reflux and primary glomerular diseases can cause chronic interstitial disease. Treatment is directed at the underlying causative diseases and general CKD care.
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