Abstract
Aging is a natural biological phenomenon that leads to a gradual decrease in the biological functions of many organs, namely the brain. Brain aging is associated with a progressive decline of the cognitive function, which is mainly caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. d-galactose (D-gal) is a reducing sugar that has been widely used to induce an artificial accelerated brain-aging model in rodents. Chronic D-gal administration recapitulates many features of brain aging that resemble natural human brain aging, such as memory impairment and neurodegeneration. This chapter will discuss the mechanisms contributing to D-gal-induced brain aging, particularly cognitive dysfunction.
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