Chapter 4 - What is the Clinical and Zoonotic Significance of Cryptosporidiosis in Domestic Animals and Wildlife

Abstract

Domestic and wild animals are susceptible to infections with myriad species as well as genotypes of Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium spp. have demonstrated tremendous adaptability by establishing infections in many species of farm animals, companion animals, laboratory animals, and wildlife. It is plausible that every mammalian, avian, and reptilian species are infected by one or more species or genotype of Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidiosis is not only common in animals but it also results in momentous morbidity and even moralities among many animal species. The recent identification of animal Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in humans with a normal or suppressed immune system has suggested that there are a number of potential domestic animal and wildlife animal species that could transmit Cryptosporidium to humans. This needs further investigation using molecular epidemiology and cross species transmission studies. There are numerous issues regarding animal cryptosporidiosis that are only recently being addressed by scientists, veterinarians, and physicians. In vitro culturing and human studies provide vital but limited information. The understanding of the life history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, immunology, and pharmacology of veterinary cryptosporidiosis is the key to unraveling the mysteries of this parasite. This chapter reviews current knowledge and encourage new directions of research into cryptosporidiosis of veterinary importance.