Abstract
Food waste is a major global problem, and many technologies are under development to utilize these materials and recover their embodied energy and water resources. Food processing operations generate large volumes of liquid and solid phase wastes, or combinations thereof, and if those wastes are homogeneous and of consistent quality, they are often suitable for conversion into secondary food products or animal feed. Alternatively, mixed wastes or those of varying properties may be better valorized by conversion to biofuels that can then be utilized for thermal energy or electricity generation or as transportation fuel after further purification. This chapter provides a review of processes for valorizing food processing by-products by chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical processes, including anaerobic digestion, fermentation, gasification, and pyrolysis. These processes are also considered within the context of a biorefinery, whereby one or more organic feedstocks are converted into multiple value-added coproducts.
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