Abstract
The composition of a diet not only influences the energy harvested and stored from food but also affects the powerhouse of the cell, the mitochondrion. Nutrition provides raw material for structural and functional components of every part of the body, including mitochondria. Macronutrients feed into metabolic pathways in the mitochondrion and affect everything from metabolic programming to the longevity of the organism. Many micronutrients also serve as cofactors for mitochondrial enzymes, protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage and/or boosting metabolism. There is now growing evidence, from preclinical and clinical studies, that diet and mitochondrial nutrients can help mitigate or potentially treat mitochondria-related diseases. In this chapter, we discuss the effects of various dietary macro- and micronutrients on mitochondria in health and disease and the status of mitochondrial nutrients as a potential therapeutic option for mitochondria-related diseases.
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