Abstract
Neurotransmitters are molecules that, like electrical signals, carry and sometimes amplify signals between nerves and other nerves or between nerves and other cell types. They affect many functions, including our emotions, thoughts, memories, movements, and sleep patterns. Synaptic transmission is mostly affected by enhancement or inhibition of neurotransmitter release, breakdown, and reabsorption, along with the blocking of neurotransmitter binding to receptors. Neurotransmitters may be amino acids, small peptides, or derivative chemicals. The most well-known neurotransmitters include acetylcholine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Over 50 neurotransmitters, or potential neurotransmitters, have been documented. When their functions become abnormal, a variety of different mental disorders may develop.
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