Abstract
Abstract This chapter reviews the interactions of clay minerals with negatively charged polymers (polyanions). Because of coulombic repulsion, polyanions interact only weakly with negatively charged clay mineral surfaces. Nevertheless, appreciable adsorption can occur at low pH, high ionic strength and in the presence of polyvalent cations. Adsorption is confined to external basal and edge surfaces since polyanions do not intercalate into expanding layer sillicates. Clay–polyanion complex formation may be effected through anion exchange, ligand exchange, hydrogen bonding, cation bridging and water bridging. Because of their extended chain conformation in solution, polyanions are effective flocculants of clay mineral suspensions.
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