Abstract
Since the first description of myelin by Virchow as neuroglia or nerve glue, many breakthroughs have been made that have changed the perception of myelin from a static insulating structure to a dynamic multilamellar structure serving several functions in the nervous system. Myelination in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system is accomplished by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, respectively, involving complex interaction between axon and glia through a network of transcription and neurotrophic factors. Transgenic mouse models have revealed the role of these specialized cells in not only initiating and maintaining the functional integrity of the myelin sheath but also in the function and survival of underlying axons. This information reveals new possibilities for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases with myelin abnormalities. This chapter presents an overview of myelin structure and function and its communication with axons it ensheaths. The chapter also describes the current understanding of axoglial communications and the role of glial cells in myelin disorders.
Published Version
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