Abstract
This chapter discusses the MNS blood group system. The terminology, expression, GenBank accession numbers, and the carrier molecule related to the MNS blood group system are also reviewed. The MNS blood group was discovered in 1927 by Landsteiner and Levine, and was named after the first three antigens identified: M, N and S. GPA and GPB are single-pass membrane sialoglycoproteins (type I). GPA is cleaved by trypsin at residues 31 and 39 on intact (red blood cells) RBCs. GPB is cleaved by α-chymotrypsin at residue 32 on intact RBCs. The chapter presents the molecular basis of antigens involving single nucleotide mutations. The hybrid glycophorin molecules, phenotypes and associated low incidence antigens are also presented in a tabulated form. MNS antigens not numbered by the international society of blood transfusion (ISBT) working party include: Tm, Sj, M1, Can, Sext and Hu. These antigens are associated with atypical glycosylation.
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