Abstract
Microfabricated in vitro kidney tissue models replicate essential components of in vivo kidney physiology in vitro, providing a platform for direct observation of controlled yet physiologically representative kidney tissue. This chapter provides a background of kidney structure and function and how they translate to signaling elements that are crucial to replicate in an in vitro model of kidney tissue. The significance of kidney tissue models as platforms to study disease is emphasized as well as their importance in applications such as toxicity tests and drug screening. A brief examination of current in vitro kidney cell culture methods is given followed by an in-depth review of current microfabricated kidney tissue models. This chapter aims to provide an understanding of the complex relationship between kidney structure and function, the crucial elements of in vitro tissue models, how those models have evolved, and what to expect from the more advanced current microfabricated models of kidney tissue.
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