Abstract
Microalgae, the photosynthetic organisms, are a diverse group of algae that can be either prokaryotic or dikaryotic. The first commercial application of microalgae began in the 1940s. Microalgal farming is applicable to the production of high-value products, including a wide range of metabolites. As the scale of the culture grows, the hydrodynamic parameters, including light and environment, start controlling the algal development. Microalgae production on a commercial scale is not as simple as lab-scale cultivation. In the commercial-scale cultivation, the growth and optimal mass production of algae are controlled by many ecological variables, weather, temperature ranges, and pH fluctuations. The development of genetically modified or genetically engineered strains for optimal mass farming is being investigated. This chapter focuses on how the mass cultivation of microalgae can be increased from lab scale to commercial scale and how the algae can be beneficial to mankind for bioaccumulation as well as production.
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