Abstract
Microalgal technology has long been recognized as an effective solution to current environmental challenges, including pollution, climate change, depletion of natural resources, and increased demand for energy and bio-based products. Due to the intrinsic characteristics of microalgal cells, including high growth rate, robustness, adaptability, contaminant removal, and valuable composition, in terms of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, pigments, and numerous bioactive metabolites, intensive research has been focused on relevant applications. However, several technological and economic challenges hinder technology transfer at the industrial scale; therefore several improvements are needed. The purpose of this chapter is to thoroughly present the microalgal potential for the production of biofuels and other added-value products, including functional food and feed, biofertilizers, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and bioplastics. Furthermore, the application of microalgal technology for wastewater treatment is discussed, while integrated processes in the biorefinery framework are highlighted.
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