Abstract
Retinal imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of diabetic retinopathy. It is also important for telemedicine, natural history studies, and research on new therapies for diabetic eye disease. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the main modality to diagnose and follow diabetic macular edema. Fundus photography is utilized for clinical studies to grade and monitor the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Fluorescein angiography is useful to differentiate microaneurysms from dot/blot retinal hemorrhages and to show retinovascular alterations, such as retinal neovascularization, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities, and capillary nonperfusion. OCT angiography is a newer modality that provides detailed en face and segmented images of flow in the retinal and choroidal vasculature. It has provided more detail about changes in the deep capillary plexus in diabetic retinopathy with quantifiable measures of vascular density and the fovea avascular zone size.
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