Chapter 4 - Higher Education in Europe: Widening Participation

Abstract

There is considerable variation in access to higher education for nontraditional students across Europe. Countries like Sweden have a long tradition of widening access and in the United Kingdom measures have been in place for some time. However, access is far more limited in many other European countries. The social dimension in the Bologna Process was adopted to encourage Bologna Process countries to develop widening access strategies; this has been augmented by the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) adopted by the EU. These measures are part of “soft law”; they are not legally binding and depend on countries’ willingness to adopt the measures. Although there have been some improvements in access for nontraditional students, progress is slow and tends to be limited to less prestigious higher education institutions. In the case of Sweden, there is evidence of measures aimed at nontraditional students being used by all students. Whilst some countries monitor the impact of their widening access measures many do not, which suggests that widening access to higher education is not a high priority in many European countries.