Abstract
After the identification of carcinogens as well as characterizing them as mutagenic or nonmutagenic, the next thing to determine is which mutant genes or genomic structures cause the descendants cell to become tumor cells. This chapter deals with growth of tumor cells. “Growth” is used to describe the rate of cell division, being the rate of cell production. The exogenous and endogenous factors which affect tumor cell growth are mentioned, as well as extrinsic chemicals affecting cell growth. Oncogenes, their definitions, activations, and mechanisms of action are discussed, as are cell signaling pathways and growth factor receptors. Recent trends in translating genomic research to clinical practice are cited as one of the key translational issues in this area.
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