Abstract
The need for sustainable and cleaner energy has unprecedentedly increased. Renewable biofuels including bioethanol, biohydrogen, and butanol, etc., are attractive alternatives to conventional fossil fuels. The second-generation biofuel production utilizing nonedible ligno-cellulosic biomasses has become a favored strategy for producing biofuels. However, second-generation biofuels are not being produced commercially anywhere today. The second-generation biofuel system requires more sophisticated processes than the first-generation biofuel. This chapter reviews the essential process and barriers involved to achieve commercial success for biofuels production. We survey and discuss the range of feed stocks, pretreatment and hydrolysis methods, and conversion and purification technologies that make up the second-generation biofuel industry.
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