Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in biology is applicable to paramagnetic molecules with one (low spin) or more (high spin) unpaired electrons, that is, radicals and transition metal ion complexes. This chapter explains the basic phenomena whose understanding is required for a meaningful analysis and (bio)chemical interpretation of spectroscopy, namely electronic Zeeman interaction, resonance, anisotropy, saturation, hyperfine interaction, and zero-field interactions. The concept of the spectral powder pattern from randomly oriented samples is treated, and its computed simulation by unit-sphere walking is introduced. The biologically key application of spin counting or quantitative EPR is addressed also in relation to the notion of effective spins.
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