Abstract
Intragenic mutations of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes are not common in pituitary tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, signals implicated in pituitary development may be relevant to neoplastic changes. Equally as important, accumulating evidence suggests that pituitary tumors are frequently associated with epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, altered miRNA, and histone modifications. In this chapter, we review the epigenetic mechanisms by which fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 affects the p53-regulating melanoma-associated antigen system to govern proliferation of pituitary cells. In addition, we describe Ikaros (Ik) as a key factor whose transcriptional actions and chromatin remodeling properties determine the fate of hypothalamic neuroendocrine and pituitary cell population expansion. The pathogenetic and potential therapeutic implications of these findings are also discussed.
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