Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is strongly influenced by epigenetic changes, which alter gene expression and promote cancer growth. The most commonly altered epigenetic modifications in PCa include DNA methylation and histone modification. Targeting epigenetic modifications is a promising strategy for improving therapeutic outcomes, and drugs such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, DNA methyltransferases inhibitors, and histone acetyltransferase inhibitors have shown efficacy in preclinical models. Combination therapies that target both epigenetic modifications and underlying molecular aberrations have shown potential for overcoming resistance and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. However, the clinical translation of epigenetic therapies remains a challenge. Understanding the mechanisms driving therapy resistance and developing new epigenetic drugs with improved specificity and efficacy are crucial for successful application in the clinical setting. Identifying predictive biomarkers that can stratify patients based on their epigenetic changes is also important for selecting patients who are likely to respond to these therapies. Overall, further research is needed to fully understand the complex interplay between epigenetic modifications and therapy resistance in PCa and to translate this knowledge into more effective treatments for patients.

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