Chapter 4 - Completion and Perforating Fluids

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The drilling fluid used during drilling in the oil and gas reservoir belongs to the category of completion fluid and is known as drilling and completion fluid. The drilling and completion fluid serves the function of protecting the reservoir and ensuring downhole safety and smooth drilling work, thus combining the drilling fluid technique with the reservoir-protecting technique and forming a drilling and completion fluid technique that enables protection of the reservoir. Perforating fluid is a working fluid used for perforating operations in the well completion process and it protects the reservoir and meets the requirements of the perforating operation. There are three categories of drilling and completion fluid in accordance with composition and working principles. These are aero-based drilling and completion fluid, including aero-fluid, fog fluid, foam fluid, and aeration drilling and completion fluid; water-based drilling and completion fluid, including solid free clean salt water completion fluid, clay-free solids-laden completion fluid (temporarily blocking-type system), and modified completion fluid; and oil-based drilling and completion fluid, including oil-based completion fluid and water-in-oil emulsion drilling and completion fluid. Perforating fluid design and selection should be determined on the basis of the physical properties and fluid properties of the reservoir core, in combination with corresponding perforating technology and laboratory formation damage evaluation experiment results, in accordance with the formation damage mechanism of the perforating fluid. The general requirements for perforating fluid include ensuring compatibility between the perforating fluid and the reservoir rock and fluid, preventing further formation damage during and after perforating, and meeting the requirements of perforating technology. Therefore, perforating fluid system selection should be in accordance with the actual reservoir conditions and the type of perforating technology, and the optimum perforating fluid system that can not only protect the reservoir but also smoothly fulfill the operation should be selected.