Abstract

In this chapter, a number of characteristics of nonlinear systems are studied. First some common nonlinearities are reviewed with their mathematical expressions and physical realizations presented. Then several phenomena that appear in nonlinear systems are discussed with examples of their occurrence in real-world systems. These phenomena include limit cycles, steady oscillations that occur regardless of initial condition; bifurcations, the qualitative change in a system’s behavior as parameters vary; and chaos, sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Finally, the topic of linearization is discussed. The two main types of linearization are series truncation and feedback linearization.

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